Blue Carbon Footnotes

[1] McCauley, Douglas J., Caroline Jablonicky, Edward H. Allison, Christopher D. Golden, Francis H. Joyce, Juan Mayorga, and David Kroodsma. "Wealthy countries dominate industrial fishing." Science advances 4, no. 8 (2018): eaau2161.

[2] Cashion, Tim, Frédéric Le Manach, Dirk Zeller, and Daniel Pauly. "Most fish destined for fishmeal production are food‐grade fish." Fish and Fisheries 18, no. 5 (2017): 837-844.

[3] Baumert, H.Z.; Petzoldt, T. The role of temperature, cellular quota and nutrient concentrations for photosynthesis, growth and light-dark acclimation in phytoplankton. Limnologica 2008, 38, 313–326.

[4] Chmura, G. L., Anisfeld, S. C., Cahoon, D. R., & Lynch, J. C. (2003). Global carbon sequestration in tidal, saline wetland soils. Global biogeochemical cycles, 17(4).

[5] Duarte, C. M., Kennedy, H., Marbà, N., & Hendriks, I. (2013). Assessing the capacity of seagrass meadows for carbon burial: current limitations and future strategies. Ocean & coastal management, 83, 32-38.

[6] Mcleod, E., Chmura, G. L., Bouillon, S., Salm, R., Björk, M., Duarte, C. M., ... & Silliman, B. R. (2011). A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9(10), 552-560.

[7] Serrano, O., Kelleway, J. J., Lovelock, C., & Lavery, P. S. (2019). Conservation of Blue Carbon Ecosystems for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. In Coastal Wetlands (pp. 965-996). Elsevier.

[8] Pendleton, L., Donato, D. C., Murray, B. C., Crooks, S., Jenkins, W. A., Sifleet, S., ... & Megonigal, P. (2012). Estimating global “blue carbon” emissions from conversion and degradation of vegetated coastal ecosystems. PloS one, 7(9), e43542.

[9] Spalding, M., Brumbaugh, R., & Landis, E. (2016).

[10] J. Siikamäki et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 14369–14374; 2012

[11] Duarte CM and Krause-Jensen D (2017) Export from Seagrass Meadows Contributes to Marine Carbon Sequestration. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:13. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00013

[12] Fourqurean, J. W., Duarte, C. M., Kennedy, H., Marbà, N., Holmer, M., Mateo, M. A., … Serrano, O. (2012). Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock. Nature Geoscience, 5(7), 505-509. doi:10.1038/ngeo1477

[13] Ortega, A., Geraldi, N. R., Alam, I., Kamau, A. A., Acinas, S. G., Logares, R., … Duarte, C. M. (2019). Important contribution of macroalgae to oceanic carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0421-8

[14] Turner, J. T. (2015). Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow, phytodetritus and the ocean’s biological pump. Progress in Oceanography, 130, 205-248.

[15]  Spalding, M., Brumbaugh, R., & Landis, E. (2016). Fact box 3. The role of ocean viruses and bacteria in the carbon cycle

 [16] Nellemann, C., & Corcoran, E. (Eds.). (2009). Blue carbon: the role of healthy oceans in binding carbon: a rapid response assessment. UNEP/Earthprint.

[17] Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J., Orth, R. J., Dennison, W. C., Olyarnik, S., ... & Kendrick, G. A. (2009). Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 106(30), 12377-12381.

[18] Worthington, T., & Spalding, M. (2018). Mangrove Restoration Potential: A global map highlighting a critical opportunity.

[19] Miteva, D. A., Murray, B. C., & Pattanayak, S. K. (2015). Do protected areas reduce blue carbon emissions? A quasi-experimental evaluation of mangroves in Indonesia. Ecological Economics, 119, 127–135.

[20] Worthington, T., & Spalding, M. (2018). Mangrove Restoration Potential: A global map highlighting a critical opportunity

[21] Ellison, A. M., 2000; Lewis, 2005; Lewis, Streever, & Theriot, 2000; McLeod et al., 2009

[22]  Costa-Pierce, B.A. 2015. Seven Principles of Ecological Aquaculture: A Guide for the Blue Revolution. Ecological Aquaculture Foundation, Biddeford, Maine, USA. ©2015 Ecological Aquaculture Foundation

[23] Bosire, J. O., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Walton, M., Crona, B. I., Lewis, R. R., Field, C., … Koedam, N. (2008). Functionality of restored mangroves: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89(2), 251–259. doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2008.03.010

[24] Fourqurean, J. W., Duarte, C. M., Kennedy, H., Marbà, N., Holmer, M., Mateo, M. A., ... & Serrano, O. (2012). Seagrass ecosystems as a globally significant carbon stock. Nature geoscience, 5(7), 505.

[25] Unsworth, R. K., McKenzie, L. J., Collier, C. J., Cullen-Unsworth, L. C., Duarte, C. M., Eklöf, J. S., ... & Nordlund, L. M. (2019). Global challenges for seagrass conservation. Ambio, 48(8), 801-815.

[26] Nordlund, Lina M., Richard KF Unsworth, Martin Gullström, and Leanne C. Cullen‐Unsworth. "Global significance of seagrass fishery activity." Fish and Fisheries 19, no. 3 (2018): 399-412.

[27] Paling, & Fonseca, Mark & Katwijk, Marieke & van Keulen, Mike. (2009). Seagrass restoration.

[28] Matheson, F. E., Reed, J., Dos Santos, V. M., Mackay, G., & Cummings, V. J. (2017). Seagrass rehabilitation: successful transplants and evaluation of methods at different spatial scales. New Zealand journal of marine and freshwater research, 51(1), 96-109.

[29] Irving, Andrew D., Jason E. Tanner, Stephanie Seddon, David Miller, Greg J. Collings, Rachel J. Wear, Sonja L. Hoare, and Mandee J. Theil. "Testing alternate ecological approaches to seagrass rehabilitation: links to life‐history traits." Journal of Applied Ecology 47, no. 5 (2010): 1119-1127.

[30] van Katwijk, M. M., Thorhaug, A., Marbà, N., Orth, R. J., Duarte, C. M., Kendrick, G. A., ... & Cunha, A. (2016). Global analysis of seagrass restoration: the importance of large‐scale planting. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53(2), 567-578.

[31] Ortega, A., Geraldi, N. R., Alam, I., Kamau, A. A., Acinas, S. G., Logares, R., … Duarte, C. M. (2019). Important contribution of macroalgae to oceanic carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0421-8

[32] Yarish, C., Brummett, R., Hansen, S., Bjerregaard, R., Valderrama, D., & Sims, N. (2016). Seaweed Aquaculture for Food Security, Income Generation and Environmental Health in Tropical Developing Countries. Technical Report.

[33] Bjerregaard, Rasmus; Valderrama, Diego; Radulovich, Ricardo; Diana, James; Capron, Mark; Mckinnie, Cedric Amir; Cedric, Michael; Hopkins, Kevin; Yarish, Charles; Goudey, Clifford; Forster, John. 2016. Seaweed aquaculture for food security, income generation and environmental health in Tropical Developing Countries (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.

[34] Duarte, C. M., Wu, J., Xiao, X., Bruhn, A., & Krause-Jensen, D. (2017). Can seaweed farming play a role in climate change mitigation and adaptation?. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 100.

[35] Project Drawdown: Sector: Food. (2019, January 17). Retrieved from https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/food

[36] Ortega, A., Geraldi, N. R., Alam, I., Kamau, A. A., Acinas, S. G., Logares, R., … Duarte, C. M. (2019). Important contribution of macroalgae to oceanic carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0421-8

[37] Khan, M. (2006). Crop diversification through halophyte production on salt-prone land resources. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 1(048). doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20061048

[38] Khan, M. (2006). Crop diversification through halophyte production on salt-prone land resources. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 1(048). doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20061048

[39] Khan, M. (2006). Crop diversification through halophyte production on salt-prone land resources. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 1(048). doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20061048

[40] Galbraith, E. D., Le Mézo, P., Bianchi, D., & Kroodsma, D. (2019). Growth limitation of marine fish by low iron availability in the open ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 509.

[41] Gattuso, J. P., Magnan, A. K., Bopp, L., Cheung, W. W., Duarte, C. M., Hinkel, J., ... & Billé, R. (2018). Ocean solutions to address climate change and its effects on marine ecosystems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 337.

[42] Himes-Cornell, A., Pendleton, L., & Atiyah, P. (2018). Valuing ecosystem services from blue forests: A systematic review of the valuation of salt marshes, seagrass beds and mangrove forests. Ecosystem Services, 30, 36–48. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.01.006